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        <title>China's rare earth steel is transforming infrastructure.  That's bad news for the Pentagon.</title>
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        <description>The Pentagon has been cut off from China's rare earth metals that are critical in advanced weapons manufacturing. A bigger issue is that researchers are finding new commercial applications for rare earths, and those are in high demand by engineers building railroads, pipelines, and hydropower and renewables projects. NATO and Washington are desperate to build a domestic industry for rare earth extraction and refining, which will take decades.  But eventual suppliers will have a small numbers of buyers, and a handful of engineers from the munitions industry building new technologies and markets. In contrast, tens of thousands of civilian engineers and a dozen of the top universities in China are designing and patenting advanced applications for rare earth metals for civilian use. Closing scene, Donghu Lake, Shaoxing Resources and links: How Will China’s Rare Earth Export Controls Impact Industries and Businesses? https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-rare-earth-export-controls-impacts-on-businesses/ Why China’s growing demand for rare-earth steel is bad news for US F-35 https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3336457/why-chinas-growing-demand-rare-earth-steel-bad-news-americas-f-35 China steel, spot price https://www.sunsirs.com/uk/sectors-13.html China plans 19% high-speed rail expansion by 2030 amid global dominance in the sector https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3338778/china-plans-19-high-speed-rail-expansion-2030-amid-global-dominance-sector China's Tibet Megadam project: 10 years, $170 billion for another Great Britain https://youtu.be/afYSmlPtB0Y Pentagon to become largest shareholder in rare earth miner MP Materials; shares surge 50% https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/10/pentagon-to-become-largest-shareholder-in-rare-earth-magnet-maker-mp-materials.html Pentagon moves to build $1 billion critical minerals stockpile to counter China — report https://www.mining.com/pentagon-moves-to-build-1-billion-critical-minerals-stockpile-to-counter-china-report/ Pentagon to keep investing in US critical minerals projects, defense official says https://www.reuters.com/world/china/pentagon-keep-working-with-us-rare-earths-projects-us-defense-official-says-2025-07-15/ The Pentagon’s Rare Earth Gamble: Smart Strategy or State-Crafted Monopoly? https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/pentagons-rare-earth-gamble-smart-strategy-or-state-crafted-monopoly</description>
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